Actually, it's chemistry.
For more than two centuries,
scientists have tinkered
with electrolysis, the
use of an electric current
to bring about a chemical
reaction (not the hair-removal
technique of the same
name that's popular
in Beverly Hills). That's
how we got metal electroplating
and large-scale production
of chlorine, used to
bleach and sanitize.
It turns out that zapping
salt water with low-voltage
electricity creates a couple
of powerful yet nontoxic
cleaning agents. Sodium
ions are converted into
sodium hydroxide, an alkaline
liquid that cleans and degreases
like detergent, but without
the scrubbing bubbles. Chloride
ions become hypochlorous
acid, a potent disinfectant
known as acid water.
"It's 10 times more effective
than bleach in killing bacteria,"
said Yen-Con Hung, a professor
of food science at the University
of Georgia-Griffin, who
has been researching electrolyzed
water for more than a decade.
"And it's safe."
There are drawbacks.
Electrolyzed water loses
its potency fairly quickly,
so it can't be stored long.
Machines are pricey and
geared mainly for industrial
use. The process also needs
to be monitored frequently
for the right strength.
Then there's the "magic
water" hype that has accompanied
electrolyzed drinking water.
A number of companies sell
so-called ionizers for home
use that can range from
about $600 to more than
$3,000. The alkaline water,
proponents say, provides
health benefits.
But Richard Wullaert, a
Santa Barbara consultant,
said consumers should be
careful.
"Some of these people are
making claims that will
get everybody in trouble,"
said Wullaert, whose nonprofit
Functional Water Society
is spreading the word about
electrolyzed water. "It's
time for some serious conferences
with serious scientists
to give this credibility."
Most of the growth has come
outside the United States.
Russians are putting electrolyzed
water down oil wells to
kill pesky microbes. Europeans
use it to treat burn victims.
Electrolyzing equipment
is helping to sanitize drinking
water in parts of Latin
American and Africa.
It's big in Japan. People
there spray it on sushi
to kill bacteria and fill
their swimming pools with
it, eliminating the need
for harsh chlorine. Doctors
use it to sterilize equipment
and treat foot fungus and
bedsores. It's the secret
weapon in Sanyo Electric
Corp.'s "soap-less" washing
machine.
Now Sanyo is bent on
cleaning up Japan's
taxis with a tiny air
purifier that fits into
a car's cup holder.
The device uses electrolyzed
water to shield passengers
from an unwelcome byproduct
of Japan's binge-drinking
business culture: vomit.
"There was some concern
about the spreading of viruses
and bacteria via the taxi,
not to mention the . . .
stinky smells," Sanyo spokesman
Aaron Fowles said.
Sanyo's taxi air washer
isn't yet available in the
U.S.; commuters will have
to hold their noses for
now. But the U.S. Department
of Agriculture, the Food
and Drug Administration
and the Environmental Protection
Agency have approved electrolyzed
water for a variety of uses.
PuriCore of Malvern, Pa.,
and Oculus Innovative Sciences
of Petaluma, Calif., have
developed treatments for
chronic wounds. Albuquerque,
N.M.-based MIOX Corp. sells
municipal water-purifying
systems. EAU Technologies
Inc. of Kennesaw, Ga., caters
to both ends of a dairy
cow, with alkaline water
to aid the animal's digestion
and acid water to clean
up its manure.
Integrated Environmental
Technologies Inc. of Little
River, S.C., is working
with oil companies to keep
wells free of bacteria and
with high schools to sanitize
sweaty wrestling mats and
grungy football equipment
that spread skin infections.
Electrolyzer Corp. of Woburn,
Mass., is going after the
hospitality market. The
Sheraton Delfina purchased
one of its machines. So
has the Hyatt Regency Chicago
and the Trump International
Beach Resort near Miami.
Patrick Lucci, Electrolyzer's
vice president of marketing,
likes to bombard prospects
with scientific studies
then give 'em the old razzle-dazzle.
He'll swig the processed
salt water before he mops
the floor with it.
"Try that with bleach,"
he said.
The unit in Santa Monica
looks a little like an oversized
water heater, with two tanks
side by side -- one for
making the hypochlorous
acid sanitizer, the other
for the sodium hydroxide
cleanser.
Rebecca Jimenez, director
of housekeeping, heard grumbling
from the cleaning staff
when the hotel brought the
machine in last fall. Housekeepers
doubted that the flat, virtually
odorless liquids were really
doing the job. Some poured
the guest shampoos into
their bottles to work up
a lather.
"If it doesn't suds up,
it doesn't work," Jimenez
said. "That's the mentality."
Still, she said most have
come around and are enjoying
working without fumes and
peeling skin.
Minnesota food scientist
Joellen Feirtag said she
was similarly skeptical.
So she installed an electrolysis
unit in her laboratory and
began researching the technology.
She found that the acid
water killed E. coli,
salmonella, listeria and
other nasty pathogens. Yet
it was gentle enough to
soothe her children's sunburns
and acne.
She's now encouraging food
processors to take a look
at electrolyzed water to
help combat the disease
outbreaks that have roiled
the industry. Most are dubious.
"This sounds too good to
be true, which is really
the biggest problem," said
Feirtag, an associate professor
at the University of Minnesota.
"But it's only a matter
of time before this becomes
mainstream."